How people learn
From the readings of social cognitive theorists it seems as they combine how environmental, behavioral, and personal factors of the individual person shapes how learning occurs. According to Dweck, it is the belief of one’s individual potential that can motivate learning. He advises that we as educators should not lower standards as it will only serve as a disappointment to students self esteem later in life. For example if an individual has been praised with low standards and the content begins to involve critical thinking skills or more problem solving they will give up and think they are unable to learn at that point. Individuals learn whether they are stimulated extrinsically or intrinsically. A change in a person’s behavior can happen through environmental influences that can affect one’s perception, memory, cognitive development and personality. Social learning occurs through interactions with peers, family or a group. Cognitive development can expand by developing meaning or through a connection to enhance knowledge of a particular subject or content. According to Piaget theory of cognitive development, when a discrepantacy occurs between existing knowledge and new information an individual arrives at a state of disequilibrium. Arriving at this point of uncertainty may cause the individual learner to problem solve or make a decision. It was believed by Piaget that if students encounter enough of disequilibrium experiences it can lead to a change in behavior or thought pattern.
William James (1980) believed the intervening variable between a low or high academic performer is personal expectation. Increasing the expectation of self can lead to success (Bandura, 1997). Self image is a conscious reflection of one’s identity separate from the environment. It is believed that attitudes, behavior, self-concept, and meaningful purpose/connection all will need to be examined to prepare youth for an academic success (Huitt, 2004).
References
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
James, W. (1890). Principles of psychology. New York: Henry Holt.
Huitt, W. (2004, October 29). Becoming a Brilliant Star: An introduction. Presentation at the Forum for Integrated Education and Educational Reform sponsored by the Council for Global Integrative Education, Santa Cruz, CA. Retrieved April 29, from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/brilstar/brilstarintro_s.pdf
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